I have noticed that more solution is used for reverse pipetting than for normal pipetting. What is the reason for this?

Reverse pipetting means uptake of liquid including the blow-out volume and dispensing of liquid without the blow-out volume. Reverse pipetting is recommended to reduce the error with viscous or foaming liquids or when dispensing very small sample volumes. The excess solution aspirated remains in the tip and is discarded.

Can you recommend any literature on reverse pipetting?

Userguides 20 and 21 describe the technique and give application examples. They can be downloaded from the Knowledge Base on our website.

Should the pipette tip be wetted with liquid before pipetting volumes smaller than 10 µL?

Regardless of the volume, the air cushion should be wetted by multiple filling and emptying of the tip before dispensing.

What is the best way to pipette viscous liquids?

When pipetting viscous liquids, we recommend positive displacement instruments like Biomaster, Multipette/Repeater, and Varipette or an air cushion pipette (Research plus, Reference 2) in combination with the reverse pipetting technique (see Userguide 20 and 21 for details).

Is there an Eppendorf pipette which can be used to pipette 40 % polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG)?

Yes, for pipetting PEG instruments operating according to the positive displacement principle like the Biomaster or a Multipette/Repeater can be used.

What is the best way to pipette chloroform?

When pipetting chloroform, we recommend positive displacement instruments like Biomaster, Multipette/Repeater, and Varipette or an air cushion pipette (Research plus, Reference 2) in combination with the reverse pipetting technique (see Userguide 20 and 21 for details).

What is the best way to pipette diethyl ether?

Diethyl ether has such a high vapor pressure that it would leak out of the tip immediately when an air cushion pipette is used. For this reason, it can only be pipetted using a positive displacement pipette, such as Biomaster, Multipette/Repeater, and Varipette.

Are Eppendorf pipettes resistant to acetonitrile?

Yes, Eppendorf pipettes are resistant to acetonitrile but care must be taken to avoid damage to printing and display window.

What should be considered when pipetting methanol with air cushion pipettes?

Due to the increased vapor pressure, we recommend that the tip is prewetted at least 3 times and that the reverse pipetting technique is used.

What is the best pipette for pipetting a 99% solution of n-amyl alcohol?

A 99 % solution of n-amyl alcohol is a highly viscous solution. We recommend working with an instrument that operates according to the positive displacement principle like Multipette/Repeater, Varipette, or Biomaster.

What is the best way to dispense organic solvent?

It is best to use a positive displacement device like the Multipette/Repeater. Positive displacement devices are most suitable for precise and drip-free dispensing of liquids with high vapor pressure. As the liquid is enclosed in a tip with integrated piston, the solvent vapor does not come into direct contact with the instrument.

I would like to pipette dichloromethane and n-hexanol very precisely. Can I use air cushion pipettes for this application?

Both dichloromethane and n-hexanol have a very high vapor pressure. For that reason, positive displacement instruments like the Biomaster and the Multipette/Repeater should be used.

Are your pipettes free of nucleic acids?

No, we cannot guarantee this. Of course we work carefully and cleanly in production, but no special measures are taken to prevent the infiltration of nucleic acids. To protect your pipette from contamination, we recommend using positive displacement pipettes, for example, our Biomaster or filtertips (ep Dualfilter T.I.P.S. or ep Dualfilter T.I.P.S. SealMax).

How can radioactive contamination be removed from Eppendorf pipettes?

Following contamination of pipettes with radioactive liquids, we recommend placing the contaminated parts in a complex-forming liquid or special cleaning solution. Then rinse very thoroughly with distilled water and dry. Grease piston lightly afterwards.

Do Eppendorf pipettes always need to be greased?

No, the piston only has to be greased if grease-dissolving solutions like organic solvents have been used.

Can the pipette withstand evacuation (applying a vacuum)?

No, air cushion pipettes should not be used under vacuum, as the pressure ratios are not right.

How should warm or cold liquids be pipetted?

Exactly in the same way as liquids at room temperature, however, please note that solutions may behave differently. In addition, the pipetting accuracy / precision may be outside the permissible error limits. In order to achieve maximum accuracy / precision, all components should have the same temperature: pipette, tips, liquid, and the surrounding air.

Are the handles of Eppendorf pipettes made of a special material to minimize temperature effects during pipetting?

Temperature effects are minimized in our pipettes by their design. We use a special polypropylene which satisfies the special requirements on a pipette handle.

Do Eppendorf pipettes always have to be kept in a stand or can they also be put down on the laboratory bench?

They can be put down on the laboratory bench - but never with a full tip.

I often work with different chemicals. Can you tell me when I need to adjust my pipettes?

This belongs to the permissible errors of your specific application. In general an adjustment of air cushion pipettes, in other words altering the stroke of the pipette, is required for solutions of a density higher 1.2 mg/µL. Please be aware that variable manual pipettes turn into "fixed-volume pipettes" when being adjusted: They can only be adjusted to a specific liquid to one volume and not across the entire dispensing range. Eppendorf manual pipettes have a user adjustment for temporary adjustment purposes. This user adjustment can easily be set back to manufacturer settings without the need for recalibration. For the correct procedure and examples for settings of user adjustments for different liquids please see the operating instructions and CD enclosed to your pipette.

How do I determine the volume values when calibrating gravimetrically?

The measuring values of the analysis scales are multiplied by the correction factor Z (see SOP pipettes). This takes into account the density of the water at the relevant temperature and the relevant air.

What does EN ISO 8655 cover?

ISO 8655 addresses the needs of suppliers, test houses, and users and specifies the general requirements for piston-operated liquid handling devices. It is structured in seven chapters: ISO 8655-1: Terminology, general requirements, and user recommendations ISO 8655-2: Piston pipettes ISO 8655-3: Piston burettes ISO 8655-4: Dilutors ISO 8655-5: Dispensers ISO 8655-6: Gravimetric method for the determination of measurement error ISO 8655-7: Non-gravimetric methods for assessment of equipment performance (titration, photometry)

What do the terms random error and systematic error mean in a pipette calibration?

The systematic error describes the deviation of the dispensed volume from the nominal volume or from the selected volume of the piston stroke device, and is determined by establishing the mean value of (usually) 10 measurements. The random error describes the mean variation of the dispensed volumes from the mean value of the dispensed volumes, and is determined by calculating the repeat standard deviation of (usually) 10 measurements.

Why are the Z factors listed in our SOP different from factors which can be derived from density reference values (of water)?

The Z factor is included in EN ISO 8655-6 and was incorporated into our SOP. As we understand it, it was incorporated in the standard by the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig. The Z factor describes the density of water at a particular temperature using a 5th degree polynomial. Furthermore, the density of water is corrected by the density of air (derived from air pressure) and a fixed correction value for balances. These corrections are the key reasons for the deviation from density values in various books of tables.

At which volumes should a variable pipette be calibrated?

According to the EN ISO 8655 standard, a variable pipette should be calibrated to 3 volumes during conformity testing: 1. Nominal volume, 2. 50 % of nominal volume, 3. Smallest value that can be set or 10 % of nominal volume.

What is the nominal volume of a variable pipette?

The nominal volume of a variable pipette is always the maximum volume. For a 100 - 1,000 µL pipette, it is therefore 1,000 µL.

I very frequently work with different chemicals. Can I still perform pipette calibration using water?

Calibration, i.e. checking a pipette on a balance, is always performed using distilled or deionized water (see EN ISO 8655).

During weighing (pipette calibration) I obtained steadily decreasing measuring results. Why is this?

The weight fluctuations you measured would appear to be a temperature problem. Please ensure that the pipette, the distilled water used for testing, the tips etc. are all at the same temperature. It is recommended that the pipettes be placed in the weighing room at least 2 hours before the test is performed. While measuring, ensure that transfer of heat from your hands is kept to a minimum (otherwise weight fluctuations may occur!) Tip: do not constantly grasp the pipette in the palm of your hand while waiting for each measurement result! We recommend our standard operating procedure (SOP) for pipettes as a source of basic information on pipette calibration.

How are multi-channel pipettes tested?

According to ISO 8655, all channels of multi-channel pipettes are to be tested. All channels have to be filled but only the channel to be tested is measured. Because of the high number of measurements (8-channel pipette: 240 measurements, 12-channel pipette: 360 measurements), it makes sense to send the multi-channel pipette to a professional calibration lab. These labs have special constructions for balances to ensure that all channels are filled but only one channel is measured.

Is the pipette grease free of resins?

Yes, the pipette grease supplied by Eppendorf is free of resins.

How is the wall mount for pipettes attached to the wall?

The pipette holder is affixed to the wall with adhesive.

How many times can Reference 2 be autoclaved?

Our pipettes are checked for a minimum lifetime of five years. This means a normal use with 200,000 strokes, 26,000 volume changes, 100,000 tip ejections, and 175 autoclavings without the pipetting results and pipette material being affected.

Do I have to regrease the Reference 2 after autoclaving?

If the pipette grease is not removed actively (e.g., by cleaning with alcohols before autoclaving), there is no need to regrease the piston-cylinder system. During endurance testing (200,000 strokes, 26,000 volume changes, 100,000 tip ejections, and 175 autoclavings), the Reference 2 was not regreased and gravimetrically checked after each autoclaving. No decline in systematic and random measurement error was observed. If regreasing is needed, Eppendorf grease for Research plus and Reference 2 must be used. Only this grease withstands the heat in the required manner.

The housing of Reference 2 contains different materials. What effects does this have on the pipette during autoclaving?

The Reference 2 is mounted in a way that all materials have room for expansion. Furthermore, only materials are used which are resistant to severe conditions, e.g. autoclaving (pressure, rise in temperature).

Is it possible to inactivate the spring-loaded tip cone of a Reference 2 single-channel pipette?

Yes. The scope of delivery includes a locking ring with which the spring-loaded tip cone can easily be inactivated. Disassemble the upper from the lower part of the pipette and push the locking ring onto the lower part from the top. Please refer to the operating manual for an illustrated description.

Is it possible to inactivate the spring-loaded tip cone of a Reference 2 multi-channel pipette?

Yes. The Reference 2 multi-channel pipettes have a switch on the lower part which inactivates/activates the spring-loaded tip cone.

Where and how can the Reference 2 pipettes be adjusted?

Reference 2 pipettes offer factory adjustment and user adjustment. The factory adjustment should be changed if the pipette was found to be out of specifications during calibration. Before adjusting, exclude other causes such as pipette handling, environmental errors, or worn-out parts. The user adjustment is an easy way of adjusting the pipette temporarily to different conditions (e.g. pipetting a liquid with high density). Please note that the adjustment is only valid for the chosen volume and not for the full volume range.

How often should pipettes be calibrated?

The user decides upon the frequency of calibration, the number of test volumes and the number of measurements for each test volume within the framework of monitoring his test materials. This can vary depending on the frequency of use of the pipette, the number of users of the device, the aggressiveness of the liquids to be dispensed and the error limits deemed acceptable by the user. However, an inspection should be carried out at least once a year. See also EN ISO 8655-6.

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Eppendorf Reference^® 2

Eppendorf Reference® 2 single-channel pipette along with 8- and 12-channel choices

Changing volume settings on the precise Eppendorf Reference® 2 pipette is quick and easy

Eppendorf Reference® 2 mechanical pipette in use with a tube

On/Off switch to deactivate spring-loaded tip cones on Eppendorf Reference 2 multi-channel lower part

Eppendorf Reference® 2 single-channel pipette family

Eppendorf Reference® 2 multi-channel pipette family

View of parts for the Eppendorf Reference® 2 mechanical pipette

epT.I.P.S.® macro volume tips facilitate easy reach to the bottom of e.g. 15 mL centrifugation tubes or flasks

The Pipette Carousel 2 with space for up to six Eppendorf pipettes

Laboratory technician using an Eppendorf Reference® 2 mechanical single-button pipette in the lab

Laboratory technician with Eppendorf Reference® 2 mechanical pipette in the lab

Laboratory technician adjusting Eppendorf Reference® 2 one-button pipette in the lab

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选择符合人体工程学的单键操作Eppendorf Reference 2手动移液器，并从其出色的精确度和准确度中获益，同时减少操作工作量。可以高压灭菌的独特光滑表面，确保高效去污处理，使其成为无菌条件下的理想工作伴侣。提供固定或可变体积单道移液器，以及8道和12道移液器。所有型号均搭载省时的单键操作功能。体验了这种独特的操作之后，您一定会爱不释手！

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重要的客户信息。机械移液器和移液器吸头的产品编号变更

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用途

特征

具备卓越精确度和准确度的高级移液器
Eppendorf Reference 2手动气体活塞式移液器具有出色的精确度和准确度，非常可靠、坚固，并且使用寿命长。凭借其独特的单键操作，Reference 2提供了快速且符合人体工程学的移液处理方式，减少了操作工作量并降低了气溶胶污染风险。清晰的触觉反馈，可以防止吸头意外弹出。不在质量和可重复性上妥协——选择Eppendorf Reference 2高级移液器，从容完成珍贵样品的精准移液，并改进结果。
采用不锈钢制成的坚固手柄可保护移液器免受冲击，并且与弹簧式保险杠结合使用，即使跌落，Reference 2移液器仍可能保持在校准范围内。Reference 2具备出色的安全性，是处理超高精准度应用的理想选择。

快速且符合人体工程学的单键操作
精确的Eppendorf Reference 2移液器具备更低的吸入、分液和吸头弹出力度，有助于降低操作应力。体验快速操作，因为无需左右移动拇指来弹出吸头，这意味着您可以快速完成移液任务。吸头在配液后立即弹出，有助于降低移液器的气溶胶污染风险。

用户友好的临时调节功能
确保您可以根据样品类型调整移液器。Reference 2手动移液器确保您轻松完成此操作，而且不会干扰出厂设置。您可以通过临时、简单的调节轻松改变Reference 2，以执行不同液体的精准移液。手册中包含推荐设置，您可以快速、轻松地重置为出厂设置。

无菌工作环境的理想实验仪器

Reference 2移液器外壳一次浇注成型，易于拆解且可高温高压灭菌。这为关注细菌污染的研究人员提供了优势。Reference 2具有低粘合表面和少量空腔、凹槽和滑动部件并且易于去污，特别适合在A/B级洁净室和其他无菌环境中使用。

您可以选择：多种单道和多道型号
并非所有实验都基于相同的工作条件。根据容器类型，选择适合使用试管和烧瓶的单道Reference 2移液器，以及更适合使用工作板的多道Reference 2移液器。

• 试管和烧瓶：单道型号，作为可变或固定体积移液器提供。
• 96孔板和24孔板：8道和12道移液器型号，可选择停用弹簧吸嘴功能。

抗疲劳、符合人体工程学的移液操作
凭借其独特的单键操作，Eppendorf Reference 2移液器具有创新性，其设计高度符合Eppendorf PhysioCare Concept^®人体工程学的操作理念，以尽量减少手部和手臂疲劳。与大多数其他Eppendorf移液器一样， Reference 2高级移液器配备了弹簧吸嘴和EppendorfSOFTeject技术。

弹簧吸嘴可实现可靠装配和轻松连接，

省时省力。带有触觉反馈功能，只需轻轻下压即可轻松实现吸头连接。弹簧可减小安装力度，同时保证可重复、安全地装配吸头。这种巧妙的设计提高了用户之间的操作可重复性，使不同实验室成员之间的结果更加一致。所有Eppendorf1,000 µL的微量移液器（Move It^®300 µL型号除外）均可安装弹簧吸嘴。所有Reference 2多通道移液器均可通过移液器下部的“On/Off”开关轻松关闭弹簧功能。

SOFTeject降低 50%的吸头弹出力。
所有Eppendorf不可调多道移液器均采用创新SOFTeject技术，以确保在单个吸头弹出过程中，外侧吸头先于内侧吸头弹出。用户不会注意到这一点，但会将吸头弹出力降低50 %。只需轻触弹出按钮，吸头就会自动连续弹出。

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规格	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000010	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000029	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4926000018	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4926000026	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000037	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000045	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000053	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4926000034	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4926000042	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000061	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000070	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4926000050	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4926000069	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000088	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000096	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000100	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4924000118	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000014	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000022	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000030	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000049	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000057	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000065	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000073	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000081	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000090	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000103	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000111	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000120	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000138	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000146	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000154	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000162	Eppendorf Reference^® 2 - 4925000170

产品类型	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器	移液器
移液类型	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统	气体活塞系统
通道数量	1-通道	1-通道	8-通道	12-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	8-通道	12-通道	1-通道	1-通道	8-通道	12-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道	1-通道
体积范围	0.1 – 2.5 µL	0.5 – 10 µL	0.5 – 10 µL	0.5 – 10 µL	2 – 20 µL	2 – 20 µL	10 – 100 µL	10 – 100 µL	10 – 100 µL	20 – 200 µL	30 – 300 µL	30 – 300 µL	30 – 300 µL	100 – 1,000 µL	0.25 – 2.5 mL	0.5 – 5 mL	1 – 10 mL	1 µL	2 µL	5 µL	10 µL	10 µL	20 µL	20 µL	25 µL	50 µL	100 µL	200 µL	200 µL	250 µL	500 µL	1,000 µL	2 mL	2.5 mL
Color code	深灰色	中灰色	中灰色	中灰色	浅灰色	黄色	黄色	黄色	黄色	黄色	桔黄色	桔黄色	桔黄色	蓝色	红色	紫色	青绿色	深灰色	深灰色	中灰色	中灰色	黄色	浅灰色	黄色	黄色	黄色	黄色	黄色	蓝色	蓝色	蓝色	蓝色	红色	红色
体积增量	0.002 µL	0.01 µL	0.01 µL	0.01 µL	0.02 µL	0.02 µL	0.1 µL	0.1 µL	0.1 µL	0.2 µL	0.2 µL	0.2 µL	0.2 µL	1 µL	0.002 mL	0.005 mL	0.01 mL	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
操作模式	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动	手动
带弹簧的吸头锥	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	否	否	否	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	否	否
随机测量误差	0.1 µL: ± 12%; ± 0.012 µL 0.25 µL: ± 6%; ± 0.015 µL 1.25 µL: ± 1.5%; ± 0.01875 µL 2.5 µL: ± 0.7%; ± 0.0175 µL	0.5 µL: ± 5%; ± 0.025 µL 1 µL: ± 1.8%; ± 0.018 µL 5 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.04 µL 10 µL: ± 0.4%; ± 0.04 µL	0.5 µL: ± 8%; ± 0.04 µL 1 µL: ± 5%; ± 0.05 µL 5 µL: ± 2%; ± 0.1 µL 10 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.1 µL	0.5 µL: ± 8%; ± 0.04 µL 1 µL: ± 5%; ± 0.05 µL 5 µL: ± 2%; ± 0.1 µL 10 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.1 µL	2 µL: ± 1.5%; ± 0.03 µL 20 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 0.06 µL 20 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.06 µL	2 µL: ± 1.5%; ± 0.03 µL 20 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 0.06 µL 20 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.06 µL	10 µL: ± 0.7%; ± 0.7 µL 50 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.015 µL 100 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 0.02 µL	10 µL: ± 2%; ± 0.2 µL 50 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.4 µL 100 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.3 µL	10 µL: ± 2%; ± 0.2 µL 50 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.4 µL 100 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.3 µL	20 µL: ± 0.7%; ± 0.14 µL 100 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.03 µL 200 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 0.4 µL	30 µL: ± 0.7%; ± 0.21 µL 150 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.45 µL 300 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 0.6 µL	30 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.3 µL 150 µL: ± 0.5%; ± 0.75 µL 300 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.9 µL	30 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.3 µL 150 µL: ± 0.5%; ± 0.75 µL 300 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.9 µL	100 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 0.6 µL 500 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 1 µL 1.000 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 2 µL	250 µL: ± 1.2%; ± 3 µL 500 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 1.5 µL 1250 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 2.5 µL 2500 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 5 µL	500 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 3 µL 2500 µL: ± 0.25%; ± 6.25 µL 5.000 µL: ± 0.15%; ± 7.5 µL	1.000 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 6 µL 5.000 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 10 µL 10.000 µL: ± 0.15%; ± 15 µL	1 µL: ± 1.8%; ± 0.018 µL	2 µL: ± 1.2%; ± 0.024 µL	5 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 0.03 µL	10 µL: ± 0.5%; ± 0.05 µL	10 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 0.06 µL	20 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.06 µL	20 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.06 µL	25 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.075 µL	50 µL: ± 0.3%; ± 0.15 µL	100 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 0.2 µL	200 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 0.4 µL	200 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 0.4 µL	250 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 0.5 µL	500 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 1 µL	1.000 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 2 µL	2.000 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 4 µL	2.500 µL: ± 0.2%; ± 5 µL
系统测量误差	0.1 µL: ± 48%; ± 0.048 µL 0.25 µL: ± 12%; ± 0.03 µL 1.25 µL: ± 2.5%; ± 0.031 µL 2.5 µL: ± 1.4%; ± 0.035 µL	0.5 µL: ± 8%; ± 0.04 µL 1 µL: ± 2.5%; ± 0.025 µL 5 µL: ± 1.5%; ± 0.075 µL 10 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.1 µL	0.5 µL: ± 12%; ± 0.06 µL 1 µL: ± 8%; ± 0.08 µL 5 µL: ± 4%; ± 0.2 µL 10 µL: ± 2%; ± 0.2 µL	0.5 µL: ± 12%; ± 0.06 µL 1 µL: ± 8%; ± 0.08 µL 5 µL: ± 4%; ± 0.2 µL 10 µL: ± 2%; ± 0.2 µL	2 µL: ± 3%; ± 0.06 µL 20 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.1 µL 20 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.16 µL	2 µL: ± 5%; ± 0.1 µL 20 µL: ± 1.2%; ± 0.12 µL 20 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.2 µL	10 µL: ± 3%; ± 0.3 µL 50 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.5 µL 100 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.8 µL	10 µL: ± 3%; ± 0.3 µL 50 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.5 µL 100 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.8 µL	10 µL: ± 3%; ± 0.3 µL 50 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.5 µL 100 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.8 µL	20 µL: ± 2.5%; ± 0.5 µL 100 µL: ± 1%; ± 1 µL 200 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 1.2 µL	30 µL: ± 2.5%; ± 0.75 µL 150 µL: ± 1%; ± 1.5 µL 300 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 1.8 µL	30 µL: ± 3%; ± 0.9 µL 150 µL: ± 1%; ± 1.5 µL 300 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 1.8 µL	30 µL: ± 3%; ± 0.9 µL 150 µL: ± 1%; ± 1.5 µL 300 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 1.8 µL	100 µL: ± 3%; ± 3 µL 500 µL: ± 1%; ± 5 µL 1.000 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 6 µL	250 µL: ± 4.8%; ± 1.2 µL 500 µL: ± 1.5%; ± 7.5 µL 1250 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 10 µL 2500 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 15 µL	500 µL: ± 2.4%; ± 12 µL 2500 µL: ± 1.2%; ± 30 µL 5.000 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 30 µL	1.000 µL: ± 3%; ± 30 µL 5.000 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 40 µL 10.000 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 60 µL	1 µL: ± 2.5%; ± 0.025 µL	2 µL: ± 2%; ± 0.04 µL	5 µL: ± 1.2%; ± 0.06 µL	10 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.1 µL	10 µL: ± 1.2%; ± 0.12 µL	20 µL: ± 0.8%; ± 0.16 µL	20 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.2 µL	25 µL: ± 1%; ± 0.25 µL	50 µL: ± 0.7%; ± 0.35 µL	100 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 0.6 µL	200 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 1.2 µL	200 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 1.2 µL	250 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 1.5 µL	500 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 3 µL	1.000 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 6 µL	2.000 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 12 µL	2.500 µL: ± 0.6%; ± 15 µL
高温高压灭菌	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
Consumables	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®	epT.I.P.S.^®
开放系统（第三方耗材）	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是	是
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绝对随机误差																		−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
相对随机误差																		−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−